Pengembangan Model PBL-Islami: Integrasi Problem-Based Learning dan Nilai-Nilai Spiritualitas untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran PAI
Keywords:
Model PBL-Islami; Berpikir Kritis; Spiritualitas Islam.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model PBL-Islami sebagai kerangka teoretis yang mengintegrasikan Problem-Based Learning dengan nilai-nilai spiritualitas Islam untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Berdasarkan kajian literatur sistematis terhadap 20 penelitian terkait PBL dalam PAI, ditemukan bahwa PBL secara konsisten efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa di berbagai jenjang pendidikan. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian masih berfokus pada implementasi PBL konvensional tanpa secara eksplisit mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai spiritualitas sebagai komponen desain pembelajaran. Celah utama ini menjadi fondasi pengembangan model PBL-Islami yang menjadikan integrasi nilai spiritual sebagai elemen struktural dalam sintaks, asesmen, dan indikator hasil pembelajaran. Model PBL-Islami dirumuskan dengan empat lapisan integrasi: masalah kontekstual bernuansa Islami, proses inkuiri kolaboratif berbasis nilai, refleksi spiritual-etik, dan asesmen autentik yang menilai kemampuan analisis kritis sekaligus argumentasi etis-religius. Landasan teologis model ini bersumber pada konsep ulul albab dalam Q.S. Ali Imran: 190-191 yang mendorong manusia untuk berpikir reflektif dan merenungkan ciptaan Allah. Model ini diharapkan menjadi alternatif pembelajaran PAI yang tidak hanya mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, tetapi juga memperkuat internalisasi nilai-nilai Islam secara holistik.
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